Nestled deep within the northern reaches of the Gorkha District, Tsum Valley is a profoundly significant and restricted trekking area that remains one of Nepal's last hidden sanctums.

Unlike the more frequented trails of the Annapurna or Everest regions, Tsum Valley offers a unique and undisturbed experience, defined by its pristine natural environment and a deeply ingrained Tibetan Buddhist culture that has been preserved for centuries.

The valley's distinct identity is shaped by its geographical and cultural isolation. Located inside the Manaslu Conservation Area and sharing a sensitive border with the Tibetan Autonomous Region of China, Tsum Valley was officially opened to foreign trekkers only in 2008.

This recent accessibility means its infrastructure remains basic and its culture largely untouched by mass tourism. The valley's name, 'Tsum,' is derived from the Tibetan word 'Tsombo,' meaning vivid or vibrant, a fitting description for a region where ancient traditions continue to form the fabric of daily life.

Key Information at a Glance

The cultural landscape of Tsum Valley is overwhelmingly influenced by Tibetan Buddhism, visible at every turn in the form of mani walls, long stone structures intricately carved with the sacred mantra "Om Mani Padme Hum", and chortens (Buddhist stupas) that mark the paths and entryways to villages.

This spirituality is central to the valley's identity, which is considered a sacred Himalayan pilgrimage circuit known as Beyul Kyimolung, or the "hidden valley of happiness."

This spiritual significance is further emphasized by the presence of key monasteries, including Mu Gompa, Rachen Gompa, and Dephyudonma Gompa, each serving as vital religious centers and repositories of art and history.

Access to this remote sanctuary is regulated to preserve its fragile ecosystem and culture. Entry formally begins at the village of Lokpa, after branching off from the main Manaslu Circuit Trek.

Trekking here requires specific permits: the Tsum Valley Restricted Area Permit (RAP) in addition to the Manaslu Conservation Area Permit (MCAP). If a trekker plans to exit not via the Manaslu Circuit but towards the Annapurna region via the Thorong La Pass, the Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP) is also mandatory.

For more details on Permits required to trek through the Manaslu Region, check it out here!

Furthermore, regulations stipulate that all trekkers must be part of a group of at least two individuals and must be accompanied by a licensed guide, with permit checks occurring at official points in Jagat, Philim, and Lokpa or Chumling.

Overview of Tsum Valley in Manaslu Circuit

Geography and Location

Tsum Valley is situated in the northern part of the Gorkha District in Nepal. It lies entirely within the boundaries of the Manaslu Conservation Area (MCAP), a protected region established to preserve the unique environment and culture of the area.

The valley is geographically defined by the Budhi Gandaki river system and its tributary, the Shiar Khola (also known as Syar Khola), which flows through its center. Its northern extent shares a direct and sensitive border with the Tibetan Autonomous Region of China, a fact that has historically contributed to its isolation and cultural preservation.

The valley is encircled by a dramatic panorama of Himalayan peaks. To the west, it is dominated by the imposing massif of the Ganesh Himal range. To the south and east, it offers views of the Sringi Himal and the Himal Chuli range, which is an integral part of the larger Manaslu massif.

This high-mountain positioning means the valley itself consists of deep gorges, high ridges, and river valleys, with elevations of the main villages ranging from approximately 2,300 meters to over 3,700 meters above sea level.

Its status as a restricted area and its location within a conservation area have limited development, keeping its ecosystems largely intact.

The valley was officially opened for foreign trekking in 2008, which is a very recent development in the history of Nepalese tourism, ensuring that it retains a remote and authentic character compared to more established trekking routes.

Culture & Spirituality

The culture of Tsum Valley is profoundly shaped by Tibetan Buddhism, a influence stemming from its historical trade and cultural connections with Tibet. This is not a superficial influence but the core of daily life and the landscape itself.

The valley is considered a beyul, a sacred hidden valley blessed by the Buddhist saint Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche) as a place of refuge and spiritual sanctuary. This specific beyul is known as Kyimolung, meaning "the valley of happiness."

This deep spirituality is immediately visible to any visitor. The trails are lined with meticulously maintained mani walls, which are long stone structures carved with the sacred mantra Om Mani Padme Hum and intricate depictions of deities.

Circumambulating these walls clockwise is a common practice for both locals and informed trekkers. Chortens (Buddhist stupas) mark the entry points to villages, crossroads, and high passes, each serving as a religious monument and a navigational landmark.

The valley's religious life is centered around its key monasteries, which are active institutions rather than mere museums. The most significant among them are Mu Gompa, the oldest and largest monastery, located near the Tibetan border; Rachen Gompa, one of Nepal's largest nunneries; and Dephyudonma Gompa, among the oldest and most historically important.

These monasteries hold ancient scriptures, sacred statues, and host festivals that define the communal calendar. The entire valley forms a sacred pilgrimage circuit, and many Tibetan pilgrims can be seen undertaking this journey, adding to the authentic spiritual atmosphere.

Learn more about the Major Festivals, Culture and Tradition in Manaslu Region, here.

Permits & Access

Access to Tsum Valley is strictly regulated by the Government of Nepal to control traffic, preserve its fragile environment, and protect its unique culture. Understanding the permit requirements is essential for planning.

The formal entry point to the Tsum Valley branch of the trek is at the village of Lokpa. This is where the trail diverges from the main Manaslu Circuit trail. All trekkers must obtain two primary permits:

• Tsum Valley Restricted Area Permit (RAP): This specific permit is mandatory for entering the Tsum Valley area. Its cost is variable, depending on the season.
• Manaslu Conservation Area Permit (MCAP): This permit is required for the entire Manaslu region, including the section of the main circuit trail you walk to reach Lokpa. It is always required.

A third permit may be necessary depending on your exit route:

• Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP): This permit is only required if you plan to exit the trek not by returning the way you came or via the Larkya La pass on the Manaslu Circuit, but by heading west into the Annapurna Conservation Area, typically via the Dharapani village route.

Beyond permits, access rules are equally important. Regulations stipulate that trekkers must be in a group of at least two individuals and must be accompanied by a licensed guide registered with the Nepal Tourism Board. Independent trekking is not permitted.

These permits are checked at official checkpoints located in Jagat (on the approach to the Manaslu region), Philim (on the main Manaslu Circuit before the turn-off), and again at Lokpa or Chumling upon entering the Tsum Valley restricted zone. Trekkers must carry these permits physically, along with their passports, at all times.

For more details on Permits required to trek through the Manaslu Region, check it out here!

Lower Tsum Valley Villages

Lokpa

Lokpa (also sometimes spelled Lokpa) is the administrative gateway to the Tsum Valley. It is the first village encountered after the trail splits from the main Manaslu Circuit trail at the settlement of Deng.

This split is clearly marked, with one path continuing north towards the Manaslu base camp and the other crossing a suspension bridge eastwards towards Lokpa and Tsum Valley.

The village serves a critical logistical function. It is here that the Tsum Valley Restricted Area Permit (RAP) is rigorously checked by officials at a dedicated checkpoint. Trekkers must present their permits and passports for verification before being allowed to proceed further into the restricted area.

Lokpa itself offers basic tea house facilities, providing a place for trekkers to have a meal, secure accommodation for the night, or simply take a rest after the climb from Deng. It acts as a primary staging point for the journey ahead into the valley.

From a trekking perspective, the section from Lokpa to the next village, Chumling, requires attention. The trail is often narrow, carved into the side of the mountain, and can be landslide-prone, especially during the monsoon season or after rainfall.

It involves a descent to the Shar River (also called Phurbe Khola) and then a sustained climb on the other side. Due to these conditions and the potential for afternoon cloud cover or precipitation, it is strongly advised to tackle this segment earlier in the day to ensure good visibility and stable ground underfoot.

Chumling

Chumling (also known as Lower Tsum) is the first major village within the Tsum Valley proper and is renowned for its significant cultural and religious sites. It is situated on the western bank of the Shiar Khola river and is divided into two parts: Upper Chumling and Lower Chumling.

The village is famous for its three monasteries, which are key attractions:

• Panago Gompa: Located in Lower Chumling.
• Mani Dhungyur Gompa: Situated in Upper Chumling.
• Gurwa Gompa: Also found in Upper Chumling.

These monasteries are active religious centers. Visitors can see traditional Tibetan Buddhist murals (religious paintings) on the walls and experience the atmosphere of old prayer halls. The village architecture is distinctly Tibetan, characterized by Tibetan-style stone houses with flat roofs and wooden, painted windows, set amidst fields of barley and potato.

A standout feature of Chumling is the spectacular views of Ganesh Himal it offers, particularly from the upper sections of the village. The northern face of the range is prominently visible, providing a dramatic backdrop.

In terms of services, Chumling has more tea houses than Lokpa and may offer basic amenities such as a small health post for minor ailments and limited phone access or satellite communication, though connectivity remains unreliable and power for charging electronics is often limited to solar sources.

Ripchet

Ripchet is a smaller, quieter village located on a ridge-top above the main trail that connects Chumling to the upper valleys. It is slightly off the primary path, which contributes to its serene and less-visited atmosphere.

The village is visually defined by its extensive farming terraces that cascade down the hillsides. These terraces are cultivated with staple crops like barley, buckwheat, and potatoes, and they offer a clear insight into the agricultural practices that sustain the local communities.

Due to its elevated position, Ripchet provides exceptionally close views of Sringi Himal to the south, making it a favorable location for photography and undisturbed contemplation of the landscape.

Accommodation in Ripchet is available through homestays/tea houses. These are typically family-run operations that are more basic in their facilities compared to those in the main-route villages like Chumling or Chhekampar. They offer a more intimate experience of local life but with fewer services.

For trekkers seeking solitude, fewer crowds, and an authentic glimpse into the daily rhythms of the valley, Ripchet is a highly recommended stop. However, it is important to set expectations accordingly regarding the simplicity of the lodging and food options.

Upper Tsum Valley Villages

Chhekampar (Chhokang Paro)

Chhekampar, also widely known by its traditional name Chhokang Paro, is the largest settlement and the main administrative center in the Upper Tsum Valley. It is not a single village but a collection of twin hamlets named Chhekam (or Chekam) and Paro, situated on a high, open plateau. This location provides expansive, panoramic views of the surrounding Himalayas.

The village marks a significant cultural importance. It is entered through a highly decorated Buddhist gateway, a traditional structure known as a Kani. This gateway is adorned with vivid deity images, including paintings and statues of protectors like Dharmapala, and is inscribed with sacred mantras.

It is customary to circumambulate this structure clockwise before proceeding into the village proper. A key geographical highlight of Chhekampar is its unparalleled views of Himal Chuli (7,893m), the second-highest peak in the Manaslu massif, which dominates the southern skyline.

From a logistical standpoint, Chhekampar serves as a crucial base for Rachen Gompa visit. The nunnery is located across the Shiar Khola river, and a day trip or a half-day excursion from Chhekampar is the most practical way to visit it.

The village offers several tea houses with better facilities than those in the lower valley, making it an ideal place for trekkers to rest longer, acclimatize, and use as a hub for taking side hikes to surrounding viewpoints and cultural sites.

Lamagaun

Lamagaun is a small village that holds immense importance as the starting point for the side trip to Piren Phu, also known as Milarepa’s Cave. This cave is one of the most sacred sites in the region.

It is historically associated with the 11th-century Tibetan yogi and poet Milarepa, who is believed to have meditated there. The cave itself is a complex of small grottoes containing ancient murals, religious relics, and statues, and it has a long history as a meditation retreat for lamas and practitioners.

The village is also situated near Burji cliffs, a notable geological feature in the area. The trek from Lamagaun to Milarepa's Cave involves a steep climb and takes approximately 2 to 3 hours for a one-way journey.

Visitors to the cave are expected to observe strict etiquette: maintaining quietness within the sacred space, refraining from flash photography to preserve the ancient artwork, and considering a donation to the caretaker monk or the maintenance of the site.

The side trip is a full-day addition to the trekking itinerary when starting from and returning to Chhekampar or Nile.

Chhule

Chhule is situated on the east bank of the Shiar (Syar) Khola river, directly across from the village of Nile on the west bank. The two villages are connected by a suspension bridge. Chhule is characterized by its traditional stone houses built in the classic Tibetan style, clustered together on the hillside overlooking the river.

Its primary logistical function is as an acclimatization stop and a staging area. It is close to Mu Gompa; the trail to the monastery diverges from the path above Chhule.

Many trekkers choose to stay in Chhule for a night before making the final ascent to Mu Gompa. The village offers a quieter alternative to Nile, with similar tea house facilities.

From Chhule, trekkers can undertake a short acclimatization hike above the village to gain elevation and enjoy views down the valley before returning to sleep at a lower altitude.

Nile

Nile (also spelled Nele) is located on the sunny west side of the Shiar Khola river. Its position on the west-facing slope means it receives sunlight later into the afternoon compared to Chhule, making it a warmer and brighter place to stay.

Nile holds the distinction of being the last big village before Tibet and the final settlement with dedicated tea houses before reaching Mu Gompa.

As such, it is the primary staging point for Mu Gompa. The trail to Mu Gompa leads north from Nile, and the walking time from Nile to Mu Gompa is typically 3 to 4 hours.

The village itself is rich in religious symbols, with extensive mani walls and chortens lining its paths and surrounding areas. Due to its elevated and open location, it is recommended as a good place for sunrise or sunset views over the valley and the mountains to the east.

Monastery Settlements

Rachen Gompa

Rachen Gompa, also known as Rachen Gumba, is one of the largest and most significant nunneries in Nepal. It was founded in the early 20th century, around 1905, and is situated in a secluded spot near the Shiar Khola river, a short distance from Chhekampar, which serves as the primary base for visits.

The monastery is home to a community of over 80 nuns, making it a vital center for Buddhist practice and learning for women in the region. The complex consists of several buildings, including the main prayer hall, living quarters, and a school.

The main assembly hall is the focal point for visitors, featuring intricate and colorful murals depicting various Buddhist deities, mandalas, and scenes from the life of the Buddha. The ancient prayer halls are filled with religious artifacts, thangkas (scroll paintings), and rows of cushions used for daily rituals and chanting.

Read more on the 16 Major Monasteries in the Manaslu Region, here.

There are strict visitor rules that must be observed to respect the sanctity of this active religious site. Visitors are expected to maintain silence within the prayer and living quarters. The use of drones is strictly prohibited, as their noise is considered a disturbance to meditation and the peaceful environment.

Modest dress is required; this means covering shoulders and knees. It is highly recommended to visit while staying at Chhekampar, as it allows for a leisurely visit without the burden of a full backpack, and the walk from Chhekampar to Rachen Gompa and back is manageable within a half-day.

Mu Gompa

Mu Gompa is the oldest, largest, and most important monastery in Tsum Valley. It was established in 1895 and is located at the highest point of the inhabited valley, near the border with Tibet, making it the farthest settlement in the region.

The final approach to Mu Gompa involves a steady climb that can be undertaken either from Nile or from Chhule, with the journey typically taking 3 to 4 hours from either village.

The monastery's significance is underscored by the religious treasures it safeguards. It holds original Kangyur texts, which are the canonical scriptures of Tibetan Buddhism, comprising the words of the Buddha. These sacred texts are handwritten on traditional paper and are carefully preserved.

The main temple also houses sacred statues of key Buddhist figures, including Avalokiteshvara (the Bodhisattva of Compassion), Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche, who brought Buddhism to Tibet), and Tara (the female Bodhisattva of compassionate action).

For trekkers, there is an option to sleep at the monastery itself in very basic guest quarters or in simple tea houses located nearby. A stay here offers a unique immersive experience but requires preparation.

The monastery is situated at a high altitude (over 3,700 meters), and the location is exposed, leading to strong winds and intensely cold weather, especially at night, even during the trekking seasons. Proper warm clothing and a suitable sleeping bag are essential.

Dephyudonma (Dhephyudonma)

Dephyudonma Gompa (also spelled Dhephyudonma, Dephu Doma, or Dephyu Dona) is counted among the oldest monasteries in Tsum. It is situated in a remote location, approximately a 2 to 3-hour walk from the villages of Nile or Chhule, requiring a dedicated side trip.

The monastery's setting is rugged and peaceful, perched on a mountainside with commanding views of the valley below. Its isolation has contributed to its preservation and serene atmosphere.

The monastery is historically important due to its age and its association with early Buddhist practitioners in the valley. While smaller than Mu Gompa, it holds a similar spiritual reverence among locals.

This gompa is presented as a worthwhile side trip for trekkers with additional time and a desire to explore deeper into the valley's spiritual heritage.

It is logistically practical to combine it with a Mu Gompa day trip; for instance, one could visit Mu Gompa in the morning and then hike to Dephyudonma in the afternoon before descending back to Nile or Chhule for the night.

Note: Trekkers should be aware that different spellings of the monastery's name may appear on local signs or in conversations with guides.

Read more on the 16 Major Monasteries in the Manaslu Region, here.

Trek Flow, Tips and Close

Day-by-Day Highlights

A typical trekking itinerary for Tsum Valley, often integrated with the Manaslu Circuit, follows a logical progression to manage acclimatization and distance. The standard typical trekking line for the Tsum Valley section is: Lokpa → Chumling → Chhekampar → Nile/Chhule → Mu Gompa, with a side trip to Rachen Gompa from Chhekampar.

A detailed day plan could be as follows:

• Day 1: To Lokpa (2,240m): The trek begins from the main Manaslu Circuit trail. From Jagat or Deng, the trail descends to a bridge before a steady climb to Lokpa. Walking hours: 4-6 hours. Elevation gain: approximately +400m from Deng. Risks: Initial trail can be rocky and exposed to sun.
• Day 2: Lokpa to Chumling (2,386m): This stage involves a significant descent to cross the Shar River, followed by a sustained climb on a often narrow and landslide-prone trail on the other side. Walking hours: 5-7 hours. Elevation change: descent of ~300m, then ascent of ~500m. Water stops: limited; carry sufficient water until near the river crossing. Food stops: basic tea houses in Chumling.
• Day 3: Chumling to Chhekampar (3,010m) via Ripchet (optional): A day of steady ascent into the upper valley. The trail climbs through forests and past villages. A side trip to Ripchet adds extra time. Walking hours: 5-6 hours to Chhekampar directly. Elevation gain: +624m. Risks: Trail is more stable than the previous day. Acclimatization is important.
• Day 4: Acclimatization in Chhekampar / Visit Rachen Gompa: A non-trekking day or a day for a side trip. The walk to Rachen Gompa and back is 2-3 hours round trip with minimal elevation change. This day is crucial for adapting to the altitude before going higher.
• Day 5: Chhekampar to Nile (3,361m) or Chhule (3,340m): A shorter trekking day further up the valley. The trail is relatively level, following the Shiar Khola river. Walking hours: 3-4 hours. Elevation gain: +351m. This short day further aids acclimatization.
• Day 6: Nile/Chhule to Mu Gompa (3,700m+) and back: A day trip to the final monastery without full backpacks. The trail involves a steady climb. Walking hours: 6-8 hours round trip. Elevation gain: +400m. Risks: High altitude, potential for strong winds and cold temperatures at Mu Gompa.
• Return: The return journey retraces steps back to Lokpa, typically broken into two days (e.g., Nile to Chumling, then Chumling to Lokpa).

After returning to Lokpa, the trek rejoins the Manaslu Circuit trail. From Lokpa, trekkers descend to Deng and then continue north towards Samagaun, eventually crossing the Larkya La pass to complete the circuit.

Stays and Food

Accommodation throughout Tsum Valley is exclusively in teahouses and monastery lodging. These are simple, family-run establishments. Expectations should be set for basic facilities: unheated rooms with simple beds (often two single beds per room), shared squat or western-style toilets, and communal shared dining rooms which are the only heated spaces in the evenings.

Food options are defined by a simple menu that remains largely consistent across all tea houses. The staple is dal bhat (lentil soup with rice and vegetable curry), which is nutritious and often offered with unlimited refills. Other common items include Tibetan bread (a fried, flat bread), thukpa (noodle soup), fried potatoes, rice pudding, and simple pasta dishes. Meat is rarely fresh and often canned or dried.

Limited electricity/Wi-Fi is a standard feature. Electricity for charging electronic devices is typically available only in the dining room for a fee and is often sourced from solar panels, making it unreliable.

Wi-Fi is virtually non-existent; some tea houses may sell a local SIM card data package, but connectivity is slow and intermittent. Trekkers should order food early as preparation times can be long due to everything being cooked from scratch with limited resources.

It is essential to always carry cash (Nepalese Rupees) as there are no ATMs and credit cards are not accepted anywhere in the valley.

Best Season

The optimal times for trekking in Tsum Valley are during the spring (March to May) and autumn (late September to November) seasons.

Spring and autumn offer the best weather and views. During these periods, the skies are generally clear, providing uninterrupted views of the Himalayan ranges. Daytime temperatures are pleasant for walking, while nights are cold but manageable. These are the most popular and busiest seasons.

For more information on Best Time, Weather and Seasons for the Manaslu Circuit, check out our blog here.

Winter (December to February) is colder with shorter daylight hours, but trekking is still possible. Significant snowfall can block higher trails like the approach to Mu Gompa, but the main village routes are often open. The advantage is extreme solitude. The absence of a high pass in the Tsum Valley itself makes winter trekking more feasible than on routes like Thorong La or Larkya La.

Monsoon (June to early September) is not recommended. The season is characterized by heavy rainfall, making trails muddy and extremely slippery. The risk of landslides increases substantially, particularly on the sensitive trail between Lokpa and Chumling. Leeches are also prevalent in the forested sections. Cloud cover consistently obscures mountain views.

For more information on Best Time, Weather and Seasons for the Manaslu Circuit, check out our blog here.

Permits and Rules

A clear checklist of regulatory requirements and conduct rules is essential for this restricted area.

• Permits: You must always carry two permits: (1) the RAP (Tsum Restricted Area Permit) and (2) the MCAP (Manaslu Conservation Area Permit). A third permit, the ACAP (Annapurna Conservation Area Permit), is only required if you are exiting the trek via the Annapurna region (e.g., Dharapani, Thorong La).

For more details on Permits required to trek through the Manaslu Region, check it out here!

• Trekking Composition: You must trek with a licensed guide and be in a group of at least two trekkers. Solo trekking is prohibited.
• Conduct in Monasteries: When visiting any religious site, dress modestly (cover shoulders and knees). It is respectful to remove your hat and shoes before entering a prayer hall. Always ask for permission before taking photographs of people or inside sacred spaces.
• Technology: The use of drones in religious areas is strictly prohibited. Their noise is considered a major disturbance to the peaceful and meditative environment.

Check out our blog on Manaslu Circuit Trek 2025 Guide for more details.

Conclusion

A trek through Tsum Valley is a profound journey that offers an unparalleled opportunity for deep cultural immersion into the living traditions of Tibetan Buddhism, far from the modern influences that have reached more commercialized trails.

The experience is defined by a sense of remote serenity, found in the rhythmic chants from ancient gompas, the intricate carvings on endless mani walls, and the breathtaking, untouched landscapes that surround each village.

This is not a standard trek but an expedition into a carefully preserved heritage zone. The valley's status as a restricted area means that access is intentionally managed to protect its fragile ecosystem and social fabric.

Therefore, a successful and ethical visit requires meticulous preparation. This includes securing the mandatory Tsum Restricted Area Permit (RAP) and Manaslu Conservation Area Permit (MCAP) well in advance, understanding that these are non-negotiable requirements checked at multiple points.

Planning with Trek Me Nepal ensures a seamless and compliant experience. Our expertise lies in navigating the permit application process, providing licensed guides who offer invaluable cultural and logistical support, and crafting itineraries that prioritize acclimatization, respect local customs, and maximize your meaningful engagement with the valley.

Finally, trekking here is a privilege that comes with responsibility. We invite you to trek responsibly, which includes dressing modestly, especially within religious sites, adhering to monastery etiquette, and carrying out all non-biodegradable waste.

Supporting local communities by utilizing their tea houses and homestays directly contributes to the local economy and helps sustain the very culture you have traveled to witness. Through careful preparation and mindful travel, your journey to Tsum Valley will be more than a vacation; it will be a respectful and unforgettable passage into the heart of the Himalayas.

Book your Manaslu Circuit trek, which includes Samagaun, through Trek Me Nepal. We offer three primary package options: Standard (13 days), Extended (16 days) and Combined with with Tsum Valley (21 days).

We can also customise the treks according to your requirements. All bookings include guide services, permits, accommodation, and meals as specified in the chosen itinerary.